Libro Speciation de Coyne, Jerry A./ Orr, H. Allen

Tabla de Contenidos del libro

Introduction

(8)

Species: Reality and Concepts

(46)

The Reality of Species

(15)

Sexually reproducing eukaryotic taxa

(5)

Groups with little or no sexual reproduction

(8)

Conclusions

(1)

Species Concepts

(23)

The biological species concept (BSC)

(12)

Advantages of the BSC

(1)

Problems with the BSC

(9)

Other species concepts

(1)

Why Are There Species?

(7)

Studying Speciation

(28)

The Problem of Speciation

(4)

Identifying and Measuring Reproductive Isolation

(11)

Absolute strength of isolating barriers

(1)

Relative strength of isolating barriers

(2)

Prezygotic versus postzygotic isolation

(4)

Which isolating barriers caused speciation?

(3)

Comparative Studies of Isolating Barriers

(11)

How fast does reproductive isolation appear?

(9)

Which traits promote the evolution of reproductive isolation?

(2)

Allopatric and Parapatric Speciation

(42)

Allopatric Speciation

(26)

Vicariant speciation

(19)

Peripatric speciation

105

(6)

Parapatric Speciation

111

(12)

Theory

112

(5)

Experimental evidence

117

(1)

Evidence from nature

118

(5)

Conclusions

123

(2)

Sympatric Speciation

125

(54)

Theory

127

(11)

Disruptive sexual selection

128

(2)

Disruptive natural selection

130

(6)

Conclusions

136

(2)

Experimental Evidence

138

(3)

Evidence from Nature

141

(34)

Evidence from habitat ``islands''

143

(14)

Evidence from host races and host-specific species

157

(9)

Allochronic (temporal) isolation in sympatry

166

(2)

Comparative studies of the biogeography of speciation

168

(7)

Conclusions

175

(4)

Ecological Isolation

179

(32)

Habitat Isolation

182

(11)

Detecting and measuring habitat isolation

184

(1)

The problem of allopatry

185

(1)

Examples of habitat isolation

186

(2)

Relative importance of habitat isolation

188

(1)

The evolution of habitat isolation

188

(3)

The genetics of habitat isolation

191

(2)

Pollinator (Floral) Isolation

193

(9)

Detecting and measuring pollinator isolation

194

(1)

Examples of pollinator isolation

195

(2)

Relative importance of pollinator isolation

197

(1)

The evolution of pollinator isolation

198

(3)

The genetics of pollinator isolation

201

(1)

Temporal (Allochronic) Isolation

202

(8)

Detecting and measuring temporal isolation

203

(1)

Examples of temporal isolation

204

(1)

Relative importance of temporal isolation

205

(1)

The evolution of temporal isolation

206

(4)

The genetics of temporal isolation

210

(1)

Conclusions

210

(1)

Behavioral and Nonecological Isolation

211

(36)

Mating System ``Isolation''

211

(2)

Behavioral Isolation

213

(14)

Detecting and measuring behavioral isolation

213

(1)

Examples of behavioral isolation

214

(1)

Relative importance of behavioral isolation

215

(1)

The evolution of behavioral isolation

216

(7)

The genetics of behavioral isolation

223

(4)

Mechanical Isolation

227

(5)

Examples of mechanical isolation

228

(1)

Relative importance of mechanical isolation

229

(1)

The evolution of mechanical isolation

230

(1)

The genetics of mechanical isolation

231

(1)

Gametic (Postmating, Prezygotic) Isolation

232

(15)

Examples of gametic isolation

233

(5)

Relative importance of gametic isolation

238

(3)

The evolution of gametic isolation

241

(4)

Conclusions

245

(2)

Postzygotic Isolation

247

(36)

Extrinsic Postzygotic Isolation

249

(4)

Intrinsic Postzygotic Isolation

253

(2)

The Frequency of Various Forms of Postzygotic Isolation

255

(1)

The Evolution of Extrinsic versus Intrinsic Postzygotic Isolation

255

(1)

Genetic Modes of Intrinsic Postzygotic Isolation

256

(24)

Chromosomal speciation: theory

256

(3)

Chromosomal speciation: data

259

(8)

Genic incompatibilities

267

(2)

The evolution of genic incompatibilities: the Dobzhansky--Muller model

269

(3)

Mathematical models of genic speciation

272

(4)

Wolbachia and cytoplasmic incompatibility

276

(4)

Conclusions

280

(3)

The Genetics of Postzygotic Isolation

283

(38)

Haldane's Rule

284

(15)

The phenomenon

284

(2)

The causes of Haldane's rule

286

(12)

Conclusions

298

(1)

The Genetic Basis of Postzygotic Isolation

299

(22)

How many genes cause postzygotic isolation?

299

(8)

Complexity of hybrid incompatibilities

307

(1)

Probability of hybrid incompatibilities

308

(1)

Where are the genes causing postzygotic isolation?

308

(1)

Developmental basis of postzygotic isolation

309

(3)

Are duplicate genes important?

312

(1)

Which genes cause postzygotic isolation?

313

(8)

Polyploidy and Hybrid Speciation

321

(32)

Polyploidy

321

(16)

Classification

322

(2)

Pathways to polyploidy

324

(2)

Incidence

326

(2)

Frequency of auto-versus allopolyploidy

328

(2)

Ecology and persistence

330

(3)

Why is polyploidy rarer in animals than in plants?

333

(4)

Recombinational Speciation

337

(16)

What is recombinational speciation?

337

(1)

Theory

338

(4)

The data: frequency and artificial hybrids

342

(2)

The data: natural recombinational speciation

344

(6)

The data meet the theory

350

(3)

Reinforcement

353

(30)

The Data

354

(12)

Selection experiments

355

(2)

Evidence from nature: case studies

357

(5)

Evidence from nature: comparative studies

362

(3)

Reinforcement of postzygotic isolation

365

(1)

The Theory

366

(9)

Early enthusiasm

366

(3)

Objections to reinforcement

369

(3)

The revival of reinforcement

372

(3)

Alternative Explanations

375

(4)

Publication bias

375

(1)

Differential fusion

376

(1)

Direct ecological effects

377

(1)

Ecological character displacement

377

(1)

Runaway sexual selection

378

(1)

Sympatric speciation

378

(1)

Distinguishing the Alternatives

379

(4)

Selection versus Drift

383

(28)

Speciation by Selection

383

(4)

Natural selection

385

(1)

Sexual selection

386

(1)

Mathematical theories of selection-based speciation

387

(1)

Speciation by Drift

387

(7)

Peak shift models

388

(6)

Theoretical Criticisms

394

(2)

Recent Peak Shift Models

396

(2)

The Data

398

(12)

Evidence from the laboratory

398

(3)

Evidence from nature

401

(9)

Conclusions

410

(1)

Speciation and Macroevolution

411

(36)

Rates of Speciation

411

(18)

What is a speciation rate?

412

(1)

Theory and speciation rates

413

(3)

Calculating speciation intervals

416

(9)

Extreme rates of speciation

425

(2)

What is the effect of biogeography?

427

(1)

Conclusions

428

(1)

Factors Affecting Speciation Rates

429

(13)

Tests for the effects of key factors

431

(4)

Distinguishing speciation from extinction

435

(1)

The data

436

(5)

Conclusions

441

(1)

Species Selection

442

(5)

Appendix: A Catalogue and Critique of Species Concepts

447

(26)

Genotypic Cluster Species Concept

447

(4)

Recognition Species Concept

451

(1)

Cohesion Species Concept

452

(4)

Evolutionary Species Concept

456

(1)

Ecological Species Concept

457

(2)

Phylogenetic Species Concepts

459

(14)

References

473

(50)

Author Index

523

(10)

Subject Index

533

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Speciation

por Coyne, Jerry A. ; Orr, H. Allen

Cosmos Y Gea - Fundamentos Nueva Teoria De La Evolucion

Why Evolution Is True

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