| Preface |
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| PART ONE Writing Critically and Conducting Research |
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CHAPTER 1 Reading Critically |
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3 | |
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Reading Critically in Preparation for Writing Critically |
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3 | |
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Illustration: Reading Critically |
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7 | |
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What's in a Name? More than You Think |
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8 | |
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Criticizes U.S. television news for using slanted terms in reporting U.S. wars on foreign soil. |
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Discussion of "What's in a Name? More than You Think" |
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11 | |
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14 | |
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Calls the controversy over word choice in referring to the war in Iraq irrelevant. |
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Rhetorical Analysis of Visuals |
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Rhetorical Analysis of Websites |
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21 | |
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CHAPTER 2 The Writing Process |
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26 | |
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26 | |
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30 | |
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Revising and Editing Your Paper |
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38 | |
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39 | |
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40 | |
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43 | |
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Explains why the word "nappy" is derogatory by defining several of its and political connotations. |
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CHAPTER 3 Writing a Summary |
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47 | |
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Illustration: Making Marginal Notes and Summarizing |
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51 | |
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51 | |
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Explains the effects of 9/11 and the Iraq war on the political views of today's generation of college graduates. |
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We Need a Higher Quality Outrage |
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54 | |
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Defines legitimate opposition and calls for more of it in both public and private discourse. |
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CHAPTER 4 Writing a Critique |
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58 | |
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The Connection between Reading Critically and Writing a Critique |
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58 | |
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58 | |
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66 | |
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Argues that omitting courses on religion and spirituality in higher education weakens the curriculum and leaves students ill prepared for their professions. |
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Sample Student Paper: Critique |
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70 | |
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Trash Rap Makes Imus Possible |
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75 | |
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Argues that gangsta rap lyrics legitimize demeaning and sexist language and calls for Black leaders to speak out against them. |
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CHAPTER 5 Writing an Argument |
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78 | |
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Narrowing Your Focus and Discovering Your Position |
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79 | |
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83 | |
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Strategies for Arguing Effectively |
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86 | |
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94 | |
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Illustration: Comparing Arguments |
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106 | |
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HPV Vaccine Texas Tyranny |
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107 | |
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Expresses through a cartoon and commentary his opposition to mandatory HPV injections f0r girls in Texas. |
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The HPV Debate Needs an Injection of Reality |
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110 | |
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Explains arguments both for and against mandatory HPV vaccinations and explains his own position on the subject. |
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CHAPTER 6 Synthesizing Material and Documenting Sources Using MLA Style |
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114 | |
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114 | |
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In-text Citations Using MLA Style |
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116 | |
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118 | |
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121 | |
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Integrating Source Materials into Your Paper |
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124 | |
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Using Ellipsis Points, Brackets, Single Quotation Marks and "Qtd. in" |
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126 | |
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Documenting Sources in a Collection of Essays |
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130 | |
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Student Papers Demonstrating Synthesis with In-text Citations using MLA Style |
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133 | |
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CHAPTER 7 Writing a Research Paper |
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143 | |
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143 | |
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144 | |
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Forming a Preliminary Thesis and a Working Bibliography |
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148 | |
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149 | |
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151 | |
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153 | |
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Creating a Preliminary Bibliography |
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154 | |
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159 | |
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Evaluating Internet Sources |
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160 | |
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Illustration: Seeking Promising Websites |
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162 | |
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163 | |
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164 | |
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166 | |
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Illustration: Plagiarism, Inaccurate Documentation, and Correct Handling of Source Material |
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167 | |
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169 | |
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Citing Sources in the Text |
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171 | |
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Creating a Works Cited Page Using MLA Style |
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175 | |
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Assembling the Parts of a Research Paper |
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190 | |
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Student Research Paper Using MLA Style |
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204 | |
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Writing a Research Paper Using APA Style |
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217 | |
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Parenthetical Citations Using APA Style |
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218 | |
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Sample Pages from Student Research Paper Using APA Style |
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220 | |
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APA Style References List |
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224 | |
| PART TWO The Arts, Media Studies, and Popular Culture |
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229 | |
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CHAPTER 8 Music and Video Games |
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231 | |
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Art Form for the Digital Age |
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233 | |
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Argues that "computer games are art?a popular art, an emerging art, a largely unrecognized art, but art nevertheless." |
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238 | |
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Asks the question: Are the media and politicians right to blame video games when white middle-class teens kill? |
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245 | |
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Argues against the socioeconomic defense of misogynistic hip-hop lyrics. |
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Hip-Hop's Betrayal of Black Women |
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247 | |
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Calls for a sympathetic understanding of the complexity and humanity of hip-hop music. |
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Perspectives on Music and Video Games |
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251 | |
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254 | |
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256 | |
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Aggression: The Impact of Media Violence |
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258 | |
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Reviews arguments on both sides of the debate on whether media violence influences behavior. |
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The End of Admiration: The Media and the Loss of Heroes |
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264 | |
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Contends that journalists bear a large part of the responsibility for Americans' inability to find heroes in public figures. |
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The Wrong Lesson: Teaching College Reporters to Be Meek |
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270 | |
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Argues that some colleges are trampling on student reporters' First Amendment rights. |
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Advertising's Influence on Media Content |
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272 | |
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Argues that advertisers' power is so great that they often control media content. |
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Perspectives on Media Studies |
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278 | |
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281 | |
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CHAPTER 10 Film and Television |
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284 | |
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286 | |
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Argues that poverty, abuse, and neglect are to blame for youth violence and other problems, not teens and television. |
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Getting Real with Reality TV |
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291 | |
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Explores reasons why audiences are attracted to reality television programs. |
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295 | |
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Cites examples of films and television documentaries that feature pro-social behavior and motivate viewers to become advocates for their socially responsible causes. |
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Cinderella: Saturday Afternoon at the Movies |
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299 | |
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Examines the fairy tale "Cinderella" for the way it encourages female rivalry to gain the favor of males. |
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Perspectives on Film and Television |
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306 | |
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309 | |
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311 | |
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Solitude and the Fortresses of Youth |
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313 | |
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Argues that controlling content of students' creative work is not only a violation of their civil liberties but also a denial of their humanity. |
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316 | |
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Argues that graphic comics are a legitimate form of literature and should be taken seriously. |
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319 | |
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Argues that dance is an important part of our lives. |
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The National Endowment for Football?We're Fighting the Wrong Battle |
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322 | |
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Suggests strategies for encouraging people to value artistic expression. |
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325 | |
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328 | |
| PART THREE Social and Behavioral Sciences |
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331 | |
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333 | |
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335 | |
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Reports on governmental plans to measure learning in colleges and universities with standardized tests and asks the question, "What should a student learn in college?" |
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Censorship: A Personal View |
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340 | |
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Recounts her experience with banned books as a child and her feelings about having her own books banned. |
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One Nation, Enriched by Biblical Wisdom |
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347 | |
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Discusses the controversy over school children reciting the phrase "One nation under God" in the Pledge of Allegiance. |
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349 | |
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Argues that "the greatest of all avenues to learning...is in reading books." |
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Perspectives on Education |
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351 | |
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354 | |
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CHAPTER 13 Poverty and Homelessness |
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356 | |
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Our Tired, Our Poor, Our Kids |
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358 | |
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Discusses the number of homeless children in the United States as of early 2001 and touches on the impact of homelessness on those children. |
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Still Hungry, Still Homeless |
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America magazine editorial |
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360 | |
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Comments on the increase of homelessness, especially among children, and calls for action to address the problem. |
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362 | |
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This classic essay addresses the issue of disadvantaged, poorly served minorities and the seeming impossibility of getting out of the ghetto. |
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The Singer Solution to World Poverty |
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370 | |
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Presents an example of a hypothetical moral dilemma to support his argument that Americans should donate to world charities in aid of impoverished children. |
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Perspectives on Poverty and Homelessness |
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376 | |
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378 | |
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CHAPTER 14 Criminal Behavior |
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382 | |
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How People Turn Monstrous |
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384 | |
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Raises questions about the appropriateness of imprisoning people who do wrong if they are only doing what others would in the same situation. |
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Revisiting the Stanford Prison Experiment: A Lesson in the Power of Situation |
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387 | |
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Recounts his famous experiment and suggests ways that the law, the penal system, and the criminal justice system can learn from it. |
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393 | |
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Examines the issues involved in the arguments of both proponents and opponents of capital punishment. |
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Deadly Stakes: The Debate over Capital Punishment |
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401 | |
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Examines the logic of arguments used in opposition to capital punishment. |
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Perspectives on Criminal Behavior |
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406 | |
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408 | |
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CHAPTER 15 Gender and Sex Roles |
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410 | |
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Reexamining the Plight of Young Males |
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411 | |
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Insists that it is time to pay attention to boys' development, arguing that they face fargreater risks to their health and well-being than girls do. |
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418 | |
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Examines the state of boys today in comparison to how they were raised when he was growing up. |
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Sacred Rite or Civil Right? |
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426 | |
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Addresses the debate over gay marriage in terms of the relationship between church and state and their definition of marriage. |
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Deconstructing Gender, Sex, and Sexuality as Applied to Identity |
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431 | |
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Explains why identifying people in terms of their gender, sex, or sexuality is inefficient. |
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Perspectives on Gender and Sex Roles |
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434 | |
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436 | |
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CHAPTER 16 Race and Ethnicity in America |
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438 | |
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One Nation, Indivisible: Is It History? |
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440 | |
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Explores the effects on American life of demographic shifts caused by the recent great wave of immigration. |
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Ironies of Illegal Immigration |
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446 | |
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Raises the question of whether it is realistic or even desirable to try to control illegal immigration. |
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Race in America: "We Would Like to Believe We Are Over the Problem" |
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449 | |
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Argues that America is far from solving its racial problems. |
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451 | |
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Calls for both whites and blacks to examine and question their own perspectives. |
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Perspectives on Race and Ethnicity in America |
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455 | |
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458 | |
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CHAPTER 17 Terrorism and War |
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460 | |
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A Pure, High Note of Anguish |
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462 | |
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Comments on the September 11 terrorist attacks on American soil and observes that "every war is both won and lost, and that loss is a pure, high note of anguish." |
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Three Key Principles in the War against Terrorism |
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464 | |
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Notes three major ways for America to win its battle against terrorism. |
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469 | |
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The journalist wonders how Americans will accept the curtailing of liberties that accompanies a protracted war against terrorism. |
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472 | |
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Details lessons that the experiences of three European cities have for democratic countries today that are fighting totalitarianism. |
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Perspectives on Terrorism and War |
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475 | |
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477 | |
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CHAPTER 18 America Abroad in Political Science |
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479 | |
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American Idealism and Realpolitik |
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481 | |
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Points out the dilemma that America faces in its role of defender of weak countries. |
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483 | |
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Believes America's "soft power" has been diminished and conjectures possible effects on American politics. |
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Now Showing: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly Americans |
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486 | |
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Outlines the government's efforts to deal with America's image abroad and assesses how well they are working. |
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Efforts to Deal with America's Image Abroad: Are They Working? |
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490 | |
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Argues that 'American popular culture is no longer a beacon of freedom to huddled masses in closed societies. Instead, it's a glut on the market." |
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Perspectives on America Abroad in Political Science |
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498 | |
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501 | |
| PART FOUR Science and Technology |
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503 | |
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CHAPTER 19 Digital Technology and the Internet |
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505 | |
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507 | |
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Cites the opinions of students and teachers on both positive and negative aspects of MySpace. |
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"omg my mom joined facebook!!" |
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511 | |
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Writes amusingly of her daughter's reaction to her creating an account on Facebook. |
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Thoughts on the Digital Future of Movies, the Threat of Piracy, the Hope of Redemption |
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514 | |
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Argues the perilous effects of piracy and the value of movies and intellectual property. |
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Chips: High Tech Aids or Tracking Tools? |
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520 | |
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Notes privacy issues raised by the relatively new use of radio frequency identification microchips as human tracking devices and as identification for people in certain high-security positions. |
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Perspectives on Digital Technology and the Internet |
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526 | |
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528 | |
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530 | |
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532 | |
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The co-discoverer of the structure of and first director of the Human Genome Project explains why genetic engineering must go on. |
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535 | |
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The embryologist responsible for the world's first cloned mammal explains why he thinks human cloning should proceed only with great caution. |
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538 | |
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Raises objections to the patenting of genes. |
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Bioethics and the Stem Cell Research Debate |
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540 | |
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Provides an overview of the issues involved in the controversy over stem cell research. |
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Perspectives on Bioethics |
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545 | |
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548 | |
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550 | |
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Smallpox Shots: Make Them Mandatory |
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552 | |
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Argues that individuals have no choice about inoculations when it comes to epidemic diseases. |
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Restructuring the U.S. Health Care System |
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554 | |
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Examines problems with the U. S. health care system and calls for reform. |
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Global Public Goods and Health |
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558 | |
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Raises questions about the process of initiating, organizing, and financing collective actions for health at the global level. |
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What the Rest of Africa Could Learn About AIDS |
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561 | |
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Reports on the success that the African nation Senegal has had in reducing the spread of AIDS. |
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Perspectives on Public Health |
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564 | |
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567 | |
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CHAPTER 22 Environmental Studies |
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569 | |
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Humboldt's Legacy and the Restoration of Science |
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571 | |
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Profiles the 19th-century scientist Baron Alexander von Humboldt and maintains that modern science would do well to adopt his integrated vision of nature. |
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A Declaration of Sustainability |
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580 | |
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Offers practical guides to conservation, of according to the subtitle, "Twelve Steps Society Can Take to Save the Whole Enchilada." |
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The Galileo of Global Warming |
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American Spectator editorial |
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591 | |
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Expresses a view on the global warming panic and comments on government action concerning global warming. |
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Global Warning: Get Up! Stand Up! |
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594 | |
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Explains how to build a mass movement to halt climate change. |
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Perspectives on Environmental Studies |
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599 | |
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601 | |
| PART FIVE Business and Economics |
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603 | |
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CHAPTER 23 Marketing and the American Consumer |
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605 | |
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607 | |
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Discusses the social aspects of American consumerism and the inevitability of its global influence. |
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Richard Wolkomir and Joyce Wolkomir |
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613 | |
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Profiles James B. Twitchell and discusses modern materialism and the history of mass marketing. |
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Every Nook and Cranny: The Dangerous Spread of Commercialized Culture |
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Gary Ruskin and Juliet Schor |
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621 | |
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Discusses the negative effects of the pervasive spread of commercialism throughout American life. |
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Shopping and Other Spiritual Adventures in America Today |
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626 | |
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Takes an amused look at consumerism in America. |
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Perspectives on Marketing and the American Consumer |
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629 | |
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632 | |
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634 | |
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636 | |
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Discusses discrimination against women workers who are also mothers. |
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638 | |
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Calls for family-friendly policies for all workers who wish to work part time or take time off to care for family. |
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640 | |
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The author argues that women have not changed the American workplace as much as the workplace has changed women. |
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643 | |
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The author describes her experiences looking far a place to live, finding a job, and surviving on her earnings as a low-wage waitress. |
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Perspectives on the Workplace |
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653 | |
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656 | |
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CHAPTER 25 The Economic Impact of Outsourcing |
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658 | |
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The Real Cost of Offshoring |
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660 | |
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Examines the data on U.S. economy and concludes that there is "a gaping flaw in the way statistics treat off-shoring." |
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665 | |
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Argues that the uproar over the outsourcing of American jobs is both alarmist and damaging to the U.S. economy and American workers. |
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The Wal-Mart You Don't Know |
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675 | |
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Argues that in its efforts to offer consumers low prices, Wal-Mart pressures its suppliers and forces them to send jobs overseas. |
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685 | |
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Describes his visit to a training center where Indians are being taught to speak with a Canadian or American accent for their jobs at call centers located in India. |
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Perspectives on the Economic Impact of Outsourcing |
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687 | |
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689 | |
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CHAPTER 26 The Global Marketplace |
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691 | |
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Development without Borders |
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693 | |
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Comments on the benefits of globalization and what strong nations must do to help underdeveloped ones. |
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Mixing '60's Activism and Anti-Globalization |
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695 | |
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Describes how college students have organized to protest globalization and applied pressure to bring about changes. |
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Dispelling the Myths about the Global Economy |
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698 | |
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Addresses what he sees as ten myths about globalization and explains why they are false. |
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Why Globalization is Good |
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Robyn Meredith and Suzanne Hoppough |
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707 | |
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Argues that groups protesting multinationalists as exploiters of the world's poor are wrong. |
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Perspectives on the Global Marketplace |
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711 | |
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713 | |
| Appendix 1 Glossary of Terms |
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715 | |
| Appendix 2 Formatting Guidelines for Course Papers |
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719 | |
| Credits |
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721 | |
| Index |
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726 | |