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Dental Radiography

por Haring, Joen Iannucci ; Howerton, Laura Jansen

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Formato: Encuadernación Rústica (Paperback)
Editorial: Elsevier Science Health Science Div
Tema: MEDICAL / Gynecology & Obstetrics
Idioma: Inglés
Peso: 1362 gramos
Estado: Nuevo
ISBN: 0721615759
ISBN 13: 9780721615752

Precio: US$ 110,02 Stock sujeto a verificación ¿Qué es?

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Resumen del libro

Publisher Summary 1

Inside you'll find the essential principles of radiation and the technical skills necessary for the safe and effective use of radiation in the dental office. The book serves as both a textbook and training manual by providing comprehensive coverage of basic theory and complete technical instruction. Procedures are presented in a detailed step-by-step format with accompanying illustrations, rationales, and charting notes. Includes a new interactive student CD-ROM.

Chapters are short with topics separated into easy-to-digest sections.
Content is divided into six parts, covering all necessary aspects of dental radiography
Step-by-step procedures throughout the chapters include rationales and charting notes along with essential illustrations and photos to demonstrate techniques properly.
Quiz questions for each chapter help students assess knowledge and comprehension.
Example boxes are used throughout the chapters to further explain a process or why it is performed a certain way.

An interactive CD-ROM, included in every book, features a variety of interactive exercises such as radiograph mounting and mastering steps in equipment assembly; animations to visualize key concepts of how digital radiographs are produced, panoramic positioning errors, and what happens within the dental x-ray tube; and patient case studies in the same format as the national board exam.
New chapters on Descriptive Terminology and Interpretation of Restorations, Dental Materials, and Foreign Objects to ensure students know these topics inside and out, before they're tested on them when they take the national board exam.

Tabla de Contenidos del libro

PART 1 RADIATION BASICS

Radiation History

(7)

Dentistry and X-radiation

(1)

Basic Terminology

(1)

Importance of Dental Radiographs

(1)

Discovery of X-radiation

(2)

Roentgen and the Discovery of X-rays

(1)

Earlier Experimentation

(1)

Pioneers in Dental X-radiation

(1)

History of Dental X-ray Equipment

(1)

History of Dental X-ray Film

(1)

History of Dental Radiographic Techniques

(2)

Radiation Physics

(19)

Fundamental Concepts

(5)

Atomic and Molecular Structure

(2)

Ionization, Radiation, and Radioactivity

(1)

Ionizing Radiation

(2)

X-radiation

(1)

X-ray Machine

(4)

Component Parts

(2)

X-ray Tube

(1)

X-ray Generating Apparatus

(2)

Production of X-radiation

(2)

Production of Dental X-rays

(1)

Types of X-rays Produced

(1)

Definitions of X-radiation

(1)

Interactions of X-radiation

(7)

No Interaction

(1)

Absorption of Energy and Photoelectric Effect

(1)

Compton Scatter

(1)

Coherent Scatter

(6)

Radiation Characteristics

(10)

X-ray Beam Quality

(2)

Voltage and Kilovoltage

(1)

Kilovoltage Peak

(1)

Film Density and Kilovoltage Peak

(1)

Film Contrast and Kilovoltage Peak

(1)

Exposure Time and Kilovoltage Peak

(1)

X-ray Beam Quantity

(1)

Amperage and Milliamperage

(1)

Milliampere-Seconds

(1)

Film Density and Milliamperage

(1)

Exposure Time and Milliamperage

(1)

X-ray Beam Intensity

(6)

Kilovoltage Peak

(1)

Milliamperage

(1)

Exposure Time

(1)

Distance

(1)

Inverse Square Law

(1)

Half-Value Layer

(4)

Radiation Biology

(13)

Radiation Injury

(3)

Mechanisms of Injury

(1)

Theories of Radiation Injury

(1)

Dose-Response Curve

(1)

Stochastic and Nonstochastic Radiation Effects

(1)

Sequence of Radiation Injury

(1)

Determining Factors for Radiation Injury

(1)

Radiation Effects

(1)

Short-Term and Long-Term Effects

(1)

Somatic and Genetic Effects

(1)

Radiation Effects on Cells

(1)

Radiation Effects on Tissues and Organs

(1)

Radiation Measurements

(2)

Units of Measurement

(1)

Exposure Measurement

(1)

Dose Measurement

(1)

Dose Equivalent Measurement

(1)

Measurements Used in Dental Radiography

(1)

Radiation Risks

(6)

Sources of Radiation Exposure

(1)

Risk and Risk Estimates

(1)

Dental Radiation and Exposure Risks

(1)

Patient Exposure and Dose

(1)

Risk versus Benefit of Dental Radiographs

(5)

Radiation Protection

(15)

Patient Protection

(7)

Before Exposure

(1)

During Exposure

(5)

After Exposure

(1)

Operator Protection

(1)

Protection Guidelines

(1)

Radiation Monitoring

(1)

Radiation Exposure Guidelines

(1)

Radiation Safety Legislation

(1)

Maximum Permissible Dose

(1)

Maximum Accumulated Dose

(1)

ALARA Concept

(1)

Radiation Protection and Patient Education

(5)

PART 2 EQUIPMENT, FILM, AND PROCESSING BASICS

Dental X-ray Equipment

(8)

Dental X-ray Machines

(2)

Performance Standards

(1)

Types of Machines

(1)

Component Parts

(2)

Dental X-ray Film Holders and Beam Alignment Devices

(5)

Types of Film Holders

(1)

Types of Beam Alignment Devices

(5)

Dental X-ray Film

(15)

Dental X-ray Film Composition and Latent Image

(2)

Film Composition

(1)

Latent Image Formation

(1)

Types of Dental X-ray film

(8)

Intraoral Film

(4)

Extraoral Film

(3)

Duplicating Film

(1)

Film Storage and Protection

(4)

Dental X-ray Image Characteristics

(12)

Dental X-ray Image Characteristics

(1)

Visual Characteristics

(4)

Density

(1)

Contrast

(2)

Geometric Characteristics

(7)

Sharpness

(1)

Magnification

(1)

Distortion

(5)

Dental X-ray Film Processing

101

(27)

Film Processing

102

(4)

Film Processing Fundamentals

102

(2)

Film Processing Steps

104

(1)

Film Processing Solutions

104

(2)

The Darkroom

106

(3)

Room Requirements

106

(1)

Equipment Requirements

107

(2)

Manual Film Processing

109

(4)

Equipment Accessories

109

(1)

Step-by-Step Procedures

110

(1)

Care and Maintenance

110

(3)

Automatic Film Processing

113

(2)

Component Parts of Automatic Processor

113

(1)

Step-by-Step Procedures

114

(1)

Care and Maintenance

114

(1)

Film Duplication

115

(1)

Equipment Requirements

115

(1)

Step-by-Step Procedures

115

(1)

Processing Problems and Solutions

116

(12)

Time and Temperature

116

(1)

Chemical Contamination

117

(2)

Film Handling

119

(3)

Lighting

122

(6)

Quality Assurance in the Dental Office

128

(12)

Quality Control Tests

129

(5)

Equipment and Supplies

129

(1)

Film Processing

130

(4)

Quality Administration Procedures

134

(1)

Operator Competence

135

(5)

PART 3 DENTAL RADIOGRAPHER BASICS

Dental Radiographs and the Dental Radiographer

140

(5)

Dental Radiographs

141

(1)

Importance of Dental Radiographs

141

(1)

Uses of Dental Radiographs

141

(1)

Benefits of Dental Radiographs

141

(1)

Information Found on Dental Radiographs

141

(1)

The Dental Radiographer

142

(3)

Knowledge and Skill Requirements

142

(1)

Duties and Responsibilities

142

(1)

Professional Goals

142

(3)

Patient Relations and the Dental Radiographer

145

(5)

Interpersonal Skills

146

(1)

Communication Skills

146

(1)

Facilitation Skills

147

(1)

Patient Relations

147

(3)

First Impressions and Patient Relations

147

(1)

Chairside Manner and Patient Relations

148

(1)

Attitude and Patient Relations

148

(2)

Patient Education and the Dental Radiographer

150

(6)

Importance of Patient Education

151

(1)

Methods of Patient Education

151

(1)

Common Questions and Answers

151

(5)

Necessity Questions

152

(1)

Exposure Questions

152

(1)

Safety Questions

153

(1)

Miscellaneous Questions

153

(3)

Legal Issues and the Dental Radiographer

156

(6)

Legal Issues and Dental Radiography

157

(1)

Federal and State Regulations

157

(1)

Licensure Requirements

157

(1)

Legal Issues and the Dental Patient

157

(5)

Risk Management

157

(1)

Malpractice Issues

158

(1)

Patient Records

159

(1)

Patients Who Refuse Dental Radiographs

159

(3)

Infection Control and the Dental Radiographer

162

(14)

Infection Control Basics

163

(1)

Rationale for Infection Control

163

(1)

Infection Control Terminology

163

(1)

Guidelines for Infection Control Practices

164

(1)

Protective Attire and Barrier Techniques

164

(1)

Handwashing and Care of Hands

165

(1)

Sterilization or Disinfection of Instruments

165

(1)

Cleaning and Disinfection of Dental Unit and Environmental Surfaces

165

(1)

Infection Control in Dental Radiography

165

(11)

Infection Control Procedures Used Before Exposure

166

(2)

Infection Control Procedures Used During Exposure

168

(1)

Infection Control Procedures Used After Exposure

168

(1)

Infection Control Procedures Used for Processing

169

(7)

PART 4 TECHNIQUE BASICS

Introduction to Radiographic Examinations

176

(5)

Intraoral Radiographic Examination

177

(1)

Types of Intraoral Radiographic Examinations

177

(1)

Complete Mouth Radiographic Series

177

(1)

Diagnostic Criteria for Intraoral Radiographs

178

(1)

Extraoral Radiographic Examination

178

(1)

Prescribing of Dental Radiographs

178

(3)

Paralleling Technique

181

(35)

Basic Concepts

182

(4)

Terminology

182

(1)

Principles of Paralleling Technique

183

(1)

Film Holders

183

(2)

Film for Paralleling Technique

185

(1)

Rules for Paralleling Technique

185

(1)

Step-by-Step Procedures

186

(7)

Patient Preparation

186

(1)

Equipment Preparation

186

(3)

Exposure Sequence for Film Placements

189

(1)

Film Placement for Paralleling Technique

190

(3)

Modifications in Paralleling Technique

193

(17)

Shallow Palate

193

(1)

Bony Growths

193

(15)

Mandibular Premolar Region

208

(2)

Advantages and Disadvantages

210

(6)

Advantages of Paralleling Technique

210

(1)

Disadvantages of Paralleling Technique

210

(6)

Bisecting Technique

216

(37)

Basic Concepts

217

(6)

Terminology

217

(1)

Principles of Bisecting Technique

217

(2)

Film Stabilization

219

(1)

Film for Bisecting Technique

219

(1)

Angulation of Position-Indicating Device

220

(3)

Rules for Bisecting Technique

223

(1)

Step-by-Step Procedures

223

(25)

Patient Preparation

224

(1)

Equipment Preparation

224

(1)

Exposure Sequence for Film Placements

224

(2)

Film Placement

226

(22)

Advantages and Disadvantages

248

(5)

Advantages of Bisecting Technique

248

(1)

Disadvantages of Bisecting Technique

248

(5)

Bite-Wing Technique

253

(20)

Basic Concepts

254

(5)

Terminology

254

(1)

Principles of Bite-Wing Technique

255

(1)

Film Holder and Bite-Wing Tab

255

(1)

Film for Bite-Wing Technique

256

(1)

Angulation of Position-Indicating Device

257

(1)

Rules for Bite-Wing Technique

257

(2)

Step-by-Step Procedures

259

(1)

Patient Preparation

259

(1)

Equipment Preparation

259

(1)

Exposure Sequence for Film Placements

259

(1)

Film Placement for Bite-Wing Technique

260

(1)

Vertical Bite-Wings

260

(1)

Modifications of Bite-Wing Technique

260

(13)

Edentulous Spaces

268

(1)

Bony Growths

268

(5)

Exposure and Technique Errors

273

(14)

Film Exposure Errors

274

(1)

Exposure Problems

274

(1)

Time and Exposure Factor Problems

274

(1)

Technique Errors (Periapical Films)

275

(3)

Film Placement Problems

275

(1)

Angulation Problems

276

(1)

PID Alignment Problems

277

(1)

Technique Errors (Bite-Wing Films)

278

(3)

Film Placement Problems

278

(1)

Angulation Problems

279

(1)

PID Alignment Problems

280

(1)

Miscellaneous Technique Errors

281

(6)

Film Bending

281

(1)

Film Creasing

281

(1)

Phalangioma

282

(1)

Double Exposure

282

(1)

Movement

282

(1)

Reversed Film

282

(5)

Occlusal and Localization Techniques

287

(17)

Occlusal Technique

288

(7)

Basic Concepts

288

(1)

Step-by-Step Procedures

288

(7)

Localization Techniques

295

(9)

Basic Concepts

295

(2)

Step-by-Step Procedures

297

(7)

Panoramic Radiography

304

(19)

Basic Concepts

305

(5)

Purpose and Use

306

(1)

Fundamentals

306

(1)

Equipment

307

(3)

Step-by-Step Procedures

310

(3)

Equipment Preparation

311

(1)

Patient Preparation

311

(1)

Patient Positioning

311

(2)

Common Errors

313

(4)

Patient Preparation Errors

313

(1)

Patient Positioning Errors

313

(4)

Advantages and Disadvantages

317

(6)

Advantages of Panoramic Radiography

317

(2)

Disadvantages of Panoramic Radiography

319

(4)

Extraoral Radiography

323

(20)

Basic Concepts

324

(2)

Purpose and Use

324

(1)

Equipment

324

(2)

Step-by-Step Procedures

326

(1)

Equipment Preparation

326

(1)

Patient Preparation

326

(1)

Patient Positioning

326

(1)

Extraoral Projection Techniques

327

(16)

Lateral Jaw Radiography

327

(1)

Skull Radiography

328

(9)

Temporomandibular Joint Radiography

337

(1)

Cone-Beam Technology

337

(6)

Digital Radiography

343

(14)

Basic Concepts

344

(4)

Terminology

344

(1)

Purpose and Use

344

(1)

Fundamentals

345

(1)

Radiation Exposure

346

(1)

Equipment

347

(1)

Types of Digital Imaging

348

(2)

Direct Digital Imaging

350

(1)

Indirect Digital Imaging

350

(1)

Step-by-Step Procedures

350

(1)

Sensor Preparation

350

(1)

Sensor Placement

351

(1)

Advantages and Disadvantages

351

(6)

Advantages of Digital Radiography

351

(2)

Disadvantages of Digital Radiography

353

(4)

Radiography of Patients with Special Needs

357

(11)

Patients with the Gag Reflex

358

(1)

Patient Management

358

(1)

Extreme Cases of Gag Reflex

359

(1)

Patients with Disabilities

359

(1)

Physical Disabilities

360

(1)

Developmental Disabilities

360

(1)

Patients with Specific Dental Needs

360

(8)

Pediatric Patients

361

(1)

Endodontic Patients

362

(1)

Edentulous Patients

362

(6)

PART 5 NORMAL ANATOMY AND FILM MOUNTING BASICS

Normal Anatomy: Intraoral Films

368

(27)

Definitions of General Terms

369

(4)

Types of Bone

369

(1)

Prominences of Bone

370

(1)

Spaces and Depressions in Bone

371

(1)

Miscellaneous Terms

372

(1)

Normal Anatomic Landmarks

373

(15)

Bony Landmarks of the Maxilla

373

(9)

Bony Landmarks of the Mandible

382

(6)

Normal Tooth Anatomy

388

(7)

Tooth Structure

388

(1)

Supporting Structures

389

(6)

Film Mounting and Viewing

395

(13)

Film Mounting

396

(7)

Basic Concepts

396

(2)

Normal Anatomy and Film Mounting

398

(1)

Film Mounting Methods

398

(1)

Step-by-Step Procedure

399

(4)

Film Viewing

403

(5)

Basic Concepts

403

(1)

Step-by-Step Procedure

404

(4)

Normal Anatomy: Panoramic Films

408

(14)

Normal Anatomic Landmarks

409

(6)

Bony Landmarks of Maxilla and Surrounding Structures

409

(3)

Bony Landmarks of Mandible and Surrounding Structures

412

(3)

Air Space Images Seen on Panoramic Radiographs

415

(1)

Soft Tissue Images Seen on Panoramic Radiographs

416

(6)

PART 6 RADIOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION BASICS

Introduction to Radiographic Interpretation

422

(4)

Basic Concepts

423

(1)

Interpretation Terminology

423

(1)

Importance of Interpretation

423

(1)

Guidelines

423

(3)

Who Interprets Radiographs?

423

(1)

Interpretation versus Diagnosis

423

(1)

When and Where Are Radiographs Interpreted?

424

(1)

Interpretation and Patient Education

424

(2)

Descriptive Terminology

426

(13)

Definition and Uses

427

(1)

What Is Descriptive Terminology?

427

(1)

Why Use Descriptive Terminology?

427

(1)

Descriptive Terminology versus Diagnosis

427

(1)

Review of Basic Terms

427

(12)

Radiograph versus X-ray

427

(1)

Radiolucent versus Radiopaque

427

(1)

Terms Used to Describe Radiolucent Lesions

428

(4)

Terms Used to Describe Radiopaque Lesions

432

(7)

Identification of Restorations, Dental Materials, and Foreign Objects

439

(18)

Identification of Restorations

440

(6)

Amalgam Restorations

440

(1)

Gold Restorations

441

(1)

Stainless Steel and Chrome Crowns

442

(1)

Post and Core Restorations

443

(1)

Porcelain Restorations

443

(2)

Composite Restorations

445

(1)

Acrylic Restorations

445

(1)

Identification of Materials Used in Dentistry

446

(2)

Materials Used in Restorative Dentistry

446

(1)

Materials Used in Endodontics

446

(1)

Materials Used in Prosthodontics

446

(2)

Materials Used in Orthodontics

448

(1)

Materials Used in Oral Surgery

448

(1)

Identification of Miscellaneous Objects

448

(9)

Jewelry

448

(4)

Eyeglasses and Napkin Chain

452

(5)

Interpretation of Dental Caries

457

(11)

Description of Caries

458

(1)

Detection of Caries

458

(1)

Clinical Examination

458

(1)

Radiographic Examination

458

(1)

Interpretation of Caries

459

(1)

Interpretation Tips

459

(1)

Factors Influencing Caries Interpretation

459

(1)

Radiographic Classification of Caries

459

(9)

Interproximal Caries

459

(1)

Occlusal Caries

460

(2)

Buccal and Lingual Caries

462

(1)

Root Surface Caries

462

(2)

Recurrent Caries

464

(1)

Rampant Caries

464

(4)

Interpretation of Periodontal Disease

468

(13)

Description of the Periodontium

469

(1)

Description of Periodontal Disease

470

(1)

Detection of Periodontal Disease

470

(1)

Clinical Examination

470

(1)

Radiographic Examination

470

(1)

Radiographic Interpretation of Periodontal Disease

471

(10)

Bone Loss

471

(2)

Classification of Periodontal Disease

473

(2)

Predisposing Factors

475

(6)

Interpretation of Trauma and Pulpal and Periapical Lesions

481

(12)

Radiographic Changes Caused by Trauma

482

(2)

Fractures

482

(1)

Injuries

483

(1)

Radiographic Changes Caused by Resorption

484

(1)

External Resorption

484

(1)

Internal Resorption

485

(1)

Radiographic Features of Pulpal Lesions

485

(2)

Pulpal Sclerosis

485

(1)

Pulpal Obliteration

485

(1)

Pulp Stones

485

(2)

Radiographic Features of Periapical Lesions

487

(6)

Periapical Radiolucencies

487

(2)

Periapical Radiopacities

489

(4)

Glossary

493

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