Libro Behavior Change In The Human Services de Sundel, Martin/ Sundel, Sandra Stone

Tabla de Contenidos del libro

Preface

xiii

To the Student: How to Use This Book

xvii

Course Materials

xvii

Case Examples

xviii

The Chapters

xviii

The Course Posttest

xix

Scoring the Pre- and Posttests

xix

Recommendations for Instructor Use of This Book

Introduction

(10)

Origins of the Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches

(2)

Comparing the Behavioral and Cognitive Approaches

(1)

Characteristics of Behavior Change Approaches

(1)

Cultural Diversity

(1)

Applications of Behavior Change Approaches

(3)

References and Resources

(3)

1. Specifying Behavior

(8)

Objectives

(1)

Overt and Covert Behaviors

(3)

Clarifying Vague Terms and Fuzzy Language

(1)

Target Behavior

(1)

Measuring Response Strength

(1)

The Behavioral Assessment Approach

(1)

Obtaining Baseline Data

(1)

Summary

(1)

Suggested Activities

(1)

References and Resources

(1)

2. Positive Reinforcement

(12)

Objectives

(1)

Reinforcing Stimuli

(2)

Examples of Positive Reinforcement

(2)

Reinforcers and Rewards

(1)

Factors That Influence Reinforcer Effectiveness

(2)

When to Deliver a Positive Reinforcer

(1)

Deprivation and Satiation

(1)

Size, Amount, and Type of the Reinforcer

(1)

How to Identify Potential Reinforcers

(1)

Reinforcer Sampling

(1)

How to Evaluate the Effect of a Stimulus as a Positive Reinforcer

(2)

Reinforcement of Behavior: Social, Tangible, and Self-Administered

(1)

Summary

(1)

Suggested Activities

(1)

References and Resources

(2)

3. Extinction

(14)

Objectives

(1)

Decreasing Response Strength

(1)

Single-Subject Evaluation Designs

(2)

Applying Extinction to Decrease Undesired Behaviors

(4)

Ethical Considerations

(1)

Effects of Extinction

(1)

Consistency and Control of Reinforcement

(1)

Positive Reinforcement of Appropriate Behaviors

(1)

Spontaneous Recovery

(1)

Summary

(1)

Suggested Activities

(1)

References and Resources

(1)

4. Positive Reinforcement Contingencies

(18)

Objectives

(1)

Behavioral Contingencies and Positive Reinforcement

(2)

Contingency Contracting

(2)

Accidental Reinforcement Contingencies

(1)

Self-Control Reinforcement Contingencies

(1)

The Premack Principle

(1)

Continuous and Intermittent Reinforcement

(6)

Ratio Schedules

(2)

Interval Schedules

(2)

Duration Schedules

(1)

Matching Law

(1)

Characteristics of Various Schedules of Reinforcement

(1)

Summary

(2)

Suggested Activities

(1)

References and Resources

(2)

5. Shaping and Response Differentiation

(12)

Objectives

(1)

Differential Reinforcement

(1)

Response Class

(4)

The DRO Procedure

(1)

Shaping With Successive Approximations

(3)

Summary

(1)

Suggested Activities

(1)

References and Resources

(2)

6. Stimulus Control: Discrimination and Generalization

(14)

Objectives

(1)

Antecedents

(1)

The Discrimination Training Procedure

(3)

Stimulus Control

(2)

Faulty Discriminations

(1)

Rule-Governed Behavior

(1)

Stimulus Fading

(1)

Stimulus Generalization

(3)

Summary

(1)

Suggested Activities

(1)

References and Resources

(2)

7. Conditioned Reinforcement and Chaining

(16)

Objectives

(1)

Conditioned Reinforcement

(2)

Simple and Generalized Conditioned Reinforcers

(1)

Establishing a Conditioned Reinforcer

(1)

Reinforcement History

(1)

Establishing Relationships With Clients

(1)

Fading Out Unconditioned Reinforcers

(1)

Token Economy

(1)

Stimulus-Response Chains

(1)

Response Priming

(2)

Backward Chaining

100

(1)

Summary

101

(2)

Suggested Activities

103

(1)

References and Resources

103

(2)

8. Modeling and Imitation

105

(14)

Objectives

105

(1)

The Role of Imitation in the Acquisition of Behaviors

105

(1)

The Use of Modeling in the Acquisition of New Behaviors

106

(1)

Modeling Versus Shaping

107

(1)

The Modeling Plus Positive Reinforcement Procedure

108

(2)

Application of Modeling in Practice

110

(1)

Social Skills Training

110

(1)

Assertiveness Training

110

(5)

Assertiveness and Human Service Workers

112

(1)

Gretchen Learns Assertive Behaviors

112

(2)

Assertiveness Training in Groups

114

(28)

Assessment

114

(1)

Goal Formulation

114

(1)

Planning and Implementing an Assertiveness Training Program

115

(1)

Evaluation

115

(1)

Summary

115

(1)

Suggested Activities

116

(1)

References and Resources

117

(2)

9. Punishment

119

(18)

Objectives

119

(1)

Punishment Defined

119

(1)

Aversive Stimuli and Punishers

120

(1)

Positive Punishment

121

(2)

Negative Punishment

123

(1)

Extinction and Negative Punishment

124

(2)

Time-Out

126

(1)

Maximizing the Effectiveness of Punishment

127

(1)

Disadvantages of Punishment

128

(2)

Alternatives to Punishment

130

(1)

Overcorrection

131

(1)

Punishment and Self-Control

132

(1)

The Future of Punishment

133

(1)

Summary

133

(2)

Suggested Activities

135

(1)

References and Resources

135

(2)

10. Negative Reinforcement

137

(14)

Objectives

137

(1)

Negative Reinforcers, Punishers, and Aversive Stimuli

137

(1)

Escape Behavior

138

(3)

Escape and Punishment

141

(1)

Avoidance Behavior

142

(3)

Extinction of Avoidance Behaviors

145

(1)

Phobias and Negative Reinforcement

145

(1)

Superstitious Behavior and Negative Reinforcement

146

(1)

Negative Reinforcement and Interpersonal Relationships

147

(1)

Summary

148

(1)

Suggested Activities

149

(1)

References and Resources

149

(2)

11. Respondent Conditioning

151

(16)

Objectives

151

(1)

Respondent Behavior

151

(1)

Respondent Conditioning

152

(5)

Response Strength

155

(1)

Extinction of Respondent Behaviors

156

(1)

Generalization in Respondent Conditioning

156

(1)

Emotional Behavior

157

(1)

Respondent Conditioning of Phobias

157

(2)

Escape, Avoidance, and Respondent Conditioning

159

(1)

Operant and Respondent Control of Behaviors

159

(3)

Biofeedback and Behavioral Medicine

160

(2)

Summary

162

(1)

Suggested Activities

163

(1)

References and Resources

163

(4)

12. Generalization and Maintenance of Behavior Change

167

(12)

Objectives

167

(1)

Generalization and Maintenance of Behavior Change

167

(1)

Obstacles to the Generalization and Maintenance of Behavior Change

168

(1)

Strategies for Promoting the Generalization and Maintenance of Behavior Change

169

(7)

Involving Significant Individuals

170

(1)

Shifting From Continuous to Intermittent Reinforcement

171

(1)

Strengthening Desired Behaviors in the Client's Natural Environment

171

(1)

Behavioral Rehearsal

172

(1)

Behavioral Assignments

172

(1)

Enhancing Compliance

173

(1)

Relapse Prevention

174

(1)

Community Involvement

175

(1)

Self-Control Contingencies

175

(1)

Behavioral Traps

176

(1)

Summary

176

(1)

Suggested Activities

177

(1)

References and Resources

177

(2)

13. Behavioral Assessment

179

(34)

Objectives

179

(1)

Introduction to Behavioral Assessment

179

(4)

Intake

180

(1)

Behavioral Assessment and Diagnostic Issues

181

(2)

Elements of Behavioral Assessment

183

(13)

Target Response

183

(3)

Controlling Conditions (Antecedents and Consequences)

186

(1)

Response Strength

187

(1)

Recording Response Strength

188

(3)

Single-Subject Designs

191

(2)

Interobserver Agreement

193

(2)

Other Measures of Target Behaviors

195

(1)

Sources of Assessment Information

196

(4)

Cultural Diversity

199

(1)

Behavioral Reenactment

200

(1)

Collecting Assessment Information

200

(2)

Behavioral Assessment and Application of RAC-S

202

(5)

Summary

207

(1)

Suggested Activities

208

(1)

References and Resources

208

(5)

14. Goal Setting, Intervention Planning, and Evaluation

213

(24)

Objectives

213

(1)

Formulating Behavior Change Goals

214

(1)

Ethical Issues in Goal Setting

215

(1)

Resources and Obstacles to Goals

216

(1)

Intervention Planning

216

(1)

The Behavioral Approach to Problem Solving

217

(2)

Outline of the Problem-Solving Framework

217

(2)

Treatment Contracts

219

(1)

Classification of Behavior Change Techniques

219

(3)

Ethical Considerations

222

(1)

Developing the Intervention Plan

223

(1)

Implementing the Behavior Change Program for Toothbrushing

223

(2)

Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Behavior Change Program

225

(1)

Behaviorally Oriented Record Keeping

225

(4)

Client Satisfaction

229

(3)

Social Validity

232

(1)

Summary

232

(1)

Suggested Activities

233

(1)

References and Resources

234

(3)

15. Intervention Techniques

237

(30)

Objectives

237

(1)

Exposure Techniques

238

(5)

Systematic Desensitization

238

(3)

In Vivo Desensitization

241

(1)

Flooding

241

(2)

Exposure and Ritual Prevention

243

(1)

Cognitive-Behavioral Techniques

243

(7)

Cognitive Restructuring

244

(2)

Self-Instruction Training

246

(1)

Stress Inoculation Training

247

(1)

Panic Control Treatment

248

(1)

Evaluation of Cognitive-Behavioral Techniques

249

(1)

Aversion Therapy

250

(3)

Covert Sensitization

251

(1)

Thought Stopping

252

(1)

Habit Reversal

253

(1)

Intervention Packages

253

(1)

Evidence-Based Interventions

254

(1)

Practice Guidelines

254

(2)

Conclusion

256

(2)

Summary

258

(1)

Suggested Activities

259

(1)

References and Resources

259

(8)

Appendix 1: Case Examples

267

(7)

Appendix 2: Chapter Pretest Questions

274

(7)

Appendix 3: Chapter Pretest Answers

281

(15)

Appendix 4: Chapter Posttest Questions

296

(8)

Appendix 5: Chapter Posttest Answers

304

(25)

Appendix 6: Course Posttest Questions

329

(3)

Appendix 7: Course Posttest Answers

332

(9)

Appendix 8: Notational Symbols and Diagrams

341

(4)

Glossary

345

(12)

Name Index

357

(9)

Subject Index

366

(14)

About the Authors

380

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Behavior Change In The Human Services

por Sundel, Martin ; Sundel, Sandra Stone